For the purposes of this Directive:

1. ‘A taxable person not established in the territory of the Community’ shall mean a taxable person as referred to in Article 4 (1) of Directive 77/388/EEC who, during the period referred to in Article 3 (1) of this Directive, has had in that territory neither his/her business nor a fixed establishment from which business transactions are effected, nor, if no such business or fixed establishment exists, his/her permanent address or usual place of residence, and who, during the same period, has supplied no goods or services deemed to have been supplied in the member state referred to in Article 2, with the exception of: transport services and services ancillary thereto, exempted pursuant to Article 14 (1) (i), Article 15 or Article 16 (1), B, C and D of Directive 77/388/EEC; services provided in cases where tax is payable solely by the person to whom they are supplied, pursuant to Article 21 (1) (b) of Directive 77/388/EEC;

2. ‘Territory of the Community’ shall mean the territories of the member states in which Directive 77/388/EEC is applicable.

1. Without prejudice to Articles 3 and 4, each member state shall refund to any taxable person not established in the territory of the Community, subject to the conditions set out below, any value added tax charged in respect of services rendered or moveable property supplied to him in the territory or the country by other taxable persons or charged in respect of the importation of goods into the country, in so far as such goods and services are used for the purposes of the transactions referred to in Article 17 (3) (a) and (b) of Directive 77/388/EEC or of the provision of services referred to in point 1 (b) of Article 1 of this Directive.

2. Member states may make the refunds referred to in paragraph 1 conditional upon the granting by third States of comparable advantages regarding turnover taxes.

3. Member states may require the appointment of a tax representative.

1. The refunds referred to in Article 2 (1) shall be granted upon application by the taxable person. Member states shall determine the arrangements for submitting applications, including the time limits for doing so, the period which applications should cover, the authority competent to receive them and the minimum amounts in respect of which applications may be submitted. They shall also determine the arrangements for making refunds, including the time limits for doing so. They shall impose on the applicant such obligations as are necessary to determine whether the application is justified and to prevent fraud, in particular the obligation to provide proof that he is engaged in an economic activity in accordance with Article 4 (1) of Directive 77/388/EEC. The applicant must certify, in a written declaration, that, during the period prescribed, he has not carried out any transaction which does not fulfil the conditions laid down in point 1 of Article 1 of this Directive.

2. Refunds may not be granted under conditions more favorable than those applied to Community taxable persons.

1. For the purposes of this Directive, eligibility for refunds shall be determined in accordance with Article 17 of Directive 77/388/ EEC as applied in the member state where the refund is paid.

2. Member states may, however, provide for the exclusion of certain expenditure or make refunds subject to additional conditions.

3. This Directive shall not apply to supplies of goods which are or may be exempted under point 2 of Article 15 of Directive 77/388/EEC.

1. Member states shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 1 January 1988 at the latest. This Directive shall 2. apply only to applications for refunds concerning value added tax charged on purchases of goods or services invoiced or on imports effected on or after that date. 3. Member states shall communicate to the Commission the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive and shall inform the Commission of the use they make of the option afforded by Article 2 (2). The Commission shall inform the other member states thereof. European VAT Refund Guide - 2025 | Appendix I - 2008/09/EC Directive

Within three years of the date referred to in Article 5, the Commission shall, after consulting the member states, submit a report to the Council and to the European Parliament on the application of this Directive, particularly as regards the application of Article 2 (2).

As from the date on which this Directive is implemented, and at all events by the date mentioned in Article 5, the last sentence of Article 17 (4) of Directive 77/388/EEC and Article 8 of Directive 79/1072/EEC shall cease to have effect in each member state.